Published on 04/28/2025 14:11:07
Return to Player (RTP) is a theoretical percentage indicating how much of all wagered money a casino game is designed to return to players over an infinite number of plays. If a slot machine has an RTP of 96%, it means that over the long run, it will pay back €96 for every €100 wagered.
Formula:
Example: If players collectively bet €1,000,000 on a slot, and €960,000 is paid out, the RTP is
RTP is a statistical average over a large number of plays. It does not guarantee outcomes in the short term.
Variance/Volatility determines how quickly or slowly actual results approach the theoretical RTP. A high-volatility game will have larger swings around the RTP over short periods.
House Edge is the complement of RTP:
House Edge=100%−RTP
Example: 96% RTP → 4% House Edge.
Law of Large Numbers: As the number of plays increases, actual returns tend to converge toward the RTP.
Expected Value per Bet (EV):
EV=Bet Size×(RTP−100%)
If you bet €1 on a 96% RTP game:
EV=1×(−0.04)=−€0.04
Each spin theoretically costs you €0.04.
Short-term fluctuations: Players can win more or lose everything quickly, independent of RTP.
Displayed RTP: Reputable casinos display the RTP of each game. Regulatory bodies like MGA (Malta Gaming Authority) or UKGC (UK Gambling Commission) require transparency.
Dynamic RTP: Some games use variable RTP settings (e.g., 88%-96%) based on operator configuration.
Bonus Features: Some RTPs include bonus rounds; others calculate them separately.
"Hit Frequency" vs RTP: RTP does not indicate how often you win; a slot can have high RTP but very low hit frequency with rare but big wins.
Prefer high RTP games: Over time, a 97% RTP game will statistically lose less money than a 92% RTP game.
Understand volatility: Low volatility → smaller, frequent wins; high volatility → rare, large wins.
Bankroll Management: Knowing RTP and volatility helps in planning session lengths and betting strategies.
No influence by past results: Each spin or hand is independent (randomness preserved by RNG - Random Number Generator).
Slot A: 96% RTP, medium volatility.
Slot B: 88% RTP, high volatility.
Betting €1,000:
Expected loss in Slot A: €1,000 × (100% - 96%) = €40
Expected loss in Slot B: €1,000 × (100% - 88%) = €120
Even with potential for big wins, statistically Slot A is "cheaper" to play long-term.
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